Anaemia

Also called Low red blood cells

Anaemia is a low number of red blood cells. It is a sign of another problem: blood loss, destruction of red cells, or the body not making enough. The cause decides the treatment.

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Cause and spread

Cause: Blood loss, destruction of red cells (for example by parasites or immune disease) or failure to make them (for example in chronic disease, kidney disease or bone marrow problems).
How it spreads: Depends on the cause.

Signs to watch for

Pale gums and eyelids
Weakness and tiring easily
Fast breathing and heart rate
Loss of appetite
Yellow gums or dark urine when red cells are destroyed

Many diseases look alike. Only a laboratory test can tell them apart, so please see a veterinarian for any sick animal.

How it is diagnosed

A blood count confirms anaemia, and a stained smear shows red cell shapes, clumping and blood parasites. Tests then look for causes: parasites such as Babesia (PCR), haemoplasma, FeLV and FIV in cats, kidney and liver disease, and in some animals a bone marrow sample. Anaemia from bleeding or red cell destruction usually produces new red cells within 3 to 5 days.

Prevention and control

Control ticks, fleas and worms
Seek early veterinary advice for pale, weak animals
Treat the underlying cause

Where this information comes from

Overview of Anemia in Animals · Merck Veterinary Manual

General information for animal owners and veterinarians, last checked October 2026. It does not replace the advice of your veterinarian, who should decide which tests and treatment your animal needs.